ABSTRACT
Recent advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in improved medicine delivery to the target site. Nanosponges are three-dimensional drug delivery systems that are nanoscale in size and created by cross-linking polymers. The introduction of Nanosponges has been a significant step toward overcoming issues such as drug toxicity, low bioavailability, and predictable medication release. Using a new way of nanotechnology, nanosponges, which are porous with small sponges (below one microm) flowing throughout the body, have demonstrated excellent results in delivering drugs. As a result, they reach the target place, attach to the skin's surface, and slowly release the medicine. Nanosponges can be used to encapsulate a wide range of medicines, including both hydrophilic and lipophilic pharmaceuticals. The medication delivery method using nanosponges is one of the most promising fields in pharmacy. It can be used as a biocatalyst carrier for vaccines, antibodies, enzymes, and proteins to be released. The existing study enlightens on the preparation method, evaluation, and prospective application in a medication delivery system and also focuses on patents filed in the field of nanosponges.Copyright © 2023 The Authors.
ABSTRACT
Remdesivir is one of the effective drugs proposed for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the study on inhalable regimen is currently limited though COVID-19 is respiratory diseases and infects lung area. This work aims to prepare inhalable remdesivir formulations and verify their effectiveness through in vitro evaluations. Formulations containing different ratios of jet-milled inhalable remdesivir (5, 10, 20,40, and 70%) with excipients were produced and characterized in terms of the particle size distribution, particle morphology, flowability, water content, crystallinity, the water sorption and desorption capabilities, and the aerodynamic performance. Results indicating that drug loading are a vital factor in facilitating the dispersion of remdesivir dry powder, and the ternary excipient plays a negligible role in improving aerosol performance. Besides, the 70% remdesivir with lactose carrier (70% RD-Lac) was physically stable and retain high aerosol performance after conditioned at 40 °C and 75% RH for a month. Therefore, formulation 70% RD-Lac might be recommended as a candidate product for the potential treatment of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Excipients , Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives , Administration, Inhalation , Alanine/analogs & derivatives , Dry Powder Inhalers/methods , Humans , Lactose , Particle Size , Powders , Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets , WaterABSTRACT
The recent successful application of lipid-based nanoparticles as delivery vehicles in COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated the superior potential of nanoparticle-based technology for targeted drug delivery in biomedicine. Among novel, rapidly advancing delivery platforms, the inorganic nano/microparticles gradually reach new heights and attract well-deserved attention among scientists and clinicians. Calcium carbonate in its vaterite form is used as a biocompatible carrier for a progressively increasing number of biomedical applications. Its growing popularity is conferred by beneficial porosity of particles, high mechanical stability, biodegradability under certain physiological conditions, ability to provide a continuous steady release of bioactives, preferential safety profile, and low cost, which make calcium carbonate a suitable entity of highly efficacious formulations for controlled drug delivery and release. The focal point of the current review is the success of the recent vaterite applications in the delivery of various diagnostics and therapeutic drugs. The manuscript highlights the nuances of drug loading in vaterite particles, connecting it with particle morphology, size, and charge of the loaded molecules, payload concentration, mono- or multiple drug loading. The manuscript also depicts recent successful methods of increasing the loading capacity developed for vaterite carriers. In addition, the review describes the various administration routes for vaterite particles with bioactive payloads, which were reported in recent years. Special attention is given to the multi-drug-loaded vaterite particles ("molecular cocktails") and reports on their successful delivery in vitro and in vivo.
ABSTRACT
Biomaterials have been the subject of numerous studies to pursue potential therapeutic interventions for a wide variety of disorders and diseases. The physical and chemical properties of various materials have been explored to develop natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic materials with distinct advantages for use as drug delivery systems for the central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS diseases. In this review, an overview of popular biomaterials as drug delivery systems for neurogenerative diseases is provided, balancing the potential and challenges associated with the CNS drug delivery. As an effective drug delivery system, desired properties of biomaterials are discussed, addressing the persistent challenges such as targeted drug delivery, stimuli responsiveness, and controlled drug release in vivo. Finally, we discuss the prospects and limitations of incorporating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a drug delivery system and their use for biocompatible, stable, and targeted delivery with limited immunogenicity, as well as their ability to be delivered via a non-invasive approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.